www.ers.usda.gov/media/259572/eib3_1_.pdf, Atkin, Michael, Grain in the Global Political Economy. In, Henderson, G.C.. Notes and Memoranda: The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923., Rasmussen, Wade, Gladys Baker, and James Ward. You are the most productive part of America! Butz fanned their frenzy. Dr. Earl L. Butz, educator, administrator, and government official was born on July 3, 1909 to Harmon Lee Butz and Ada Tillie Lower in Albion, Indiana. Yet his legacy still thrives, and will not likely die as gently as the man. Five years later, he pled guilty to tax evasion and served a short stint in jail. [4] He was the uncle of American football player Dave Butz. Argued Nov. 7, 1977. . 0000055617 00000 n 8 Due to government assistance, American farmers experienced continued success during and immediately following World War I. 26 206 0000040653 00000 n Pros Of Corn Subsidy. 3By the end of the nineteenth century, agricultural policy contributed to the settlement of 80 million acres of farmland. 0000064144 00000 n Days after Butz died, the Wall Street Journal reported, In the U.S., farmers are razing old barns, ripping up sod and grassland, and uprooting fences some in a routine attempt to improve land, others in an effort to make room for the grain boom.. https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/13/archives/why-they-love-earl-butz-prosperous-farmers-see-him-as-the-greatest.html. The abundancy associated with land expansion policies remained intrinsic to the nations success through World War I, as America provided for the home front and the allied nations. 0000041732 00000 n That was true in the Soviet Union, as well. . Actually. The New Deal policymakers had seen how high-production agriculture could devastate lands productivity. " Earl Butz 4. Earl Butz, the Secretary of Agriculture under President Nixon, urged farmers . 9As prices of agricultural commodities soared, farmers maximized production to increase their profits. 0000048447 00000 n It gives farmers access to consistent income. 0000065712 00000 n The artificial prices implemented by the government masked the problems of overproduction that threatened food prices and the agricultural system as a whole. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. 0000069545 00000 n Changes in farming supported by government policy especially over the last century have incentivized farmers to grow crops that are easy to ship, store, and processnamely cereal grains and sweetenersensuring these foods are inexpensive and widely available. YouTube. Let Them Eat Ketchup In, Roberts, Paul. 0000008094 00000 n allowing/demanding more to be grown what is the fertilizer they used? 0000009965 00000 n 1999-2023 Grist Magazine, Inc. All rights reserved. (For a blunt account of the farm-crisis period, see Osha Gray Davidsons 1996 classic Broken Heartland: The Rise of Americas Rural Ghetto.). He wouldn't embarrass a Cabinet member. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window). 0000053344 00000 n 0000051702 00000 n [3], Butz was an alumnus of Purdue University, where he was a member of Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity. this enabled the farm kids to do what? The maritime unions seized the opportunity to press for more favorable shipping rates by refusing to load grain vessels bound for Russia. 0000044297 00000 n " Earl Butz 2. He plunged a pitchfork into New Deal agricultural policies that sought to protect farmers from the big agribusiness companies whose interests he openly pushed. Earl Butz has, in other words, clearly become the country's most controversial Agriculture Secretary since Ezra Taft Benson, and, after his recent behindthescenes struggle with Henry Kissinger, he has probably also emerged as the most powerful in history as well. 0000054470 00000 n 0000016830 00000 n 0000068736 00000 n Get big or get out, he routinely thundered. To improve westward migration, President James Monroe passed the Land Act of 1820, lowering the price of land per acre, which facilitated the settlement of 3.5 million acres. Current agricultural policy has proved this as well, as America can no longer sustain the health and environmental implications of subsidy fueled factory farms. Earl Butz, who served as Secretary of Agriculture under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, is widely regarded as a pioneer in modern American corn policy because he emphasized selling . He was the eldest of five children and worked on his parents' 160-acre (65ha) farm while growing up. Help us continue to bring you the best of the archives without the dust! 0000008682 00000 n 0000047725 00000 n 0000049017 00000 n ' , See the article in its original context from. He tells the farmers that they are the last bastion of patriotism and hard work, and that the food they grow will be the key to world peace during the next quarter century. [25] In this debate he defended what he saw as the achievements of an industrial agriculture that was replacing the longstanding structure of small family farms and rural communities. "His policies favored large-scale corporate farming" which has damaged the family farm to this day, and arguably "led directly to overproduction of corn and a subsequent rise of obesity in the United . Earl L. Butz, the outspoken U.S. Agriculture secretary forced from office in 1976 for making a racist joke, died Saturday morning. I was a stubborn cuss, and I made some mistakes. Butz was vice president of what has become the American Agricultural Economics Association (1948), and he was . 0000018253 00000 n 12The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929, like the Agricultural Credits Act of 1923, sought to resolve low prices through the distribution of loans, but similarly failed to regulate supply and demand. 0000062543 00000 n Describe that change. In 1972, the Soviet Union, suffering disastrous harvests, purchased 30 million tons of American grain. 1999-2023 Grist Magazine, Inc. All rights reserved. In the 1974 incident, the Times reported, Butz, using a mock Italian dialect, criticized on Pope Paul VIs opposition to using artificial birth control as a solution to world food problems. In the 1976 incident, the Times said, Butz made a remark in which he described blacks as coloreds who wanted only three things satisfying sex, loose shoes and a warm bathroom desires that Mr. Butz listed in obscene and scatological terms.. The Land Ordinance of 1785 required states and Native Americans to cede land west of the Appalachian Mountains to Congress, who parceled it into townships of six miles square, and proceed to sell the townships, or fractional parts of townships at public venue. 1The act settled farmland, but high land prices prohibited many from venturing west. Understanding why and how agricultural policy has changed over time contextualizes the shift from farming communities to factory farms, environmental crises, Americas role in international grain trade, and how food travels from farm to table. Despite helping to eradicate acute hunger and malnutrition, the bill devastated small farmers and contributed to decreasing the number of farms in America by 63%, effectively changing rural landscapes and economies. 0000057234 00000 n No, I try not to be a negative thinker. After some indecision, Dean used the line in Rolling Stone, attributing it to an unnamed Cabinet officer. 2027, 36 L.Ed.2d 912 (1973). Farm income stayed high for most of the decade. 0000065262 00000 n 0000029565 00000 n He first came out for abolishing private inspection agencies and turning over all inspection to a new Federalstate system. Dont worry about overproduction, Butz told farmers on trips through the Midwest. Actress: Swedish Lessons in Love. All but 30 days of the term were suspended. And so he got caught in a paradigm shift. Earl Butz: Father of the Modern Food Subsidy System. He believed that a free, global market would bring higher prices, and for the few years that Russian agriculture struggled, he was right. 0000063920 00000 n 0000049770 00000 n Reading Eagle . 0000046978 00000 n In the chart below, it looks like there was an unprecedented spike in corn prices in 2008. Even after sales to Russia and Poland were finally resumed, the White House was bombarded with an unending stream of criticism from farm organizations. Although Butz publicly emphasizes that the United States cannot and should not use what he, at the same time, frankly calls agripower as a weapon, he is fond of noting that Rumanian Agriculture Minister Miculescu once told him: You've got a weapon more powerful than the atom bomb: you've got soybeans. Butz took two days off from chairing the Rome World Food Conference two years ago and went to Cairo with a little wheat in my pocket They had the red carpet out for me there. What policy did he promote in 1973? series; Purdue officials responded that he had grown too frail. 0000057015 00000 n He died on February 2, 2008 in West Lafayette, Indiana. The successes and failures of each installation of land and agricultural policy emphasize the understated influence each wave of policy has extended over American welfare. (The habit of stuffing the USDA with industry cronies has proven hard to break. After the 1973 farm bill, Americans spent a lower percentage of their income on food than ever before, purchasing more calories for less money, a trend that adversely impacted the nations diet. 0000050525 00000 n The Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (P.L. 0000029154 00000 n 28 0 obj<>stream This led to the domination of the bigger farms over the smaller farms . When prices threatened to go too high, the payments would end and the land would go back into cultivation. Butz's critics also noted that he was a director of three large agribusiness corporations. Earl Butz. While farmers scrambled to get big or get out, Butzs beloved agribusiness giants cheered. 0000063406 00000 n But he endured personal humiliation along the way. " I understood public relations and always maintained a high profile. He wanted all this done without fanfare but lost control when Federal Reserve Chairman Arthur Burns predicted the sales would drive American food prices higher. in agriculture (1932) and a Ph. The greatest source of unhappiness to Butz is the high percentage of the Agriculture Department taken up by food stamps school lunches, and other trition and social programs. At the time, Butz served as a board member for several agribiz firms, including Ralston Purina, then a sprawling food conglomerate. 0000045535 00000 n "Federal Farm Policies Hit". The Butz farm policy is one that involves risk. x|kQO$c*M3Sj 0000029423 00000 n It is possible, too, that domestic food prices would drop, although, because of the middleman factor, that is far from certain. From the Associated Press. ammonia grow corn faster 4x as much tractors made the farmers work easier and let them farm more land. 0000042749 00000 n fanners were told: Reelect Nixon or Lose Your Butz. But it remains to he seen hew much help he can he. 0000047891 00000 n Twitter, Follow us on 0000062821 00000 n Feb. 3, 2008 12 AM PT. We hit your inbox once a month and never abuse your personal information. " Earl Butz 3. ), The feisty Earl Butz is now being drawn into Presidentialcampaign warfate as he was in 1972, when ??? It's true that if we suddenly stopped exports, food prices would fall, he says, but with falling prices paid to farmers, production the next year would be cut back. 0000067449 00000 n So if youre tempted to feel sorry for the guy for getting torn up by historical forces he never understood, give it a rest. http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0297_0001_ZS.html, Markham, Jerry W.. New Economic Policy and New York City. In, Levine, Susan. Donate today to keep our climate news free. 0000052718 00000 n In 1948, Butz became vice president of the American Agricultural Economics Association, and three years later was named to the same post at the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers. 0000000016 00000 n Millions of hogs, cattle and chicken were sold for slaughter as producers reduced their inventories. BY TAKA YAMAGUCHI In 1976, then-U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz coined the now infamous phrase, "food is a weapon.". Some world food organizations are concerned, not only because of American fuzziness at Rome but also because of the tendency of the United States to sign longterm supply agreements with people who pay cash for grain. 0000059949 00000 n There are those who regard him as the leader of the Great American Farm Revolution, those who regard him as Gerald Ford's greatest political asset, and there are political experts who can't decide whether Jimmy Carter is being smart or being dumb when he says he would dump Butz if he were elected President. Butz resigned within days, saying that "the use of a bad racial commentary in no way reflects my real attitude." Earl Lauer Butz was born on a farm near Albion, Ind., on July 3, 1909, and grew up guiding horse-drawn plows. 0000067829 00000 n Patron saint of the Fast Food Nation, Butz lived to see his dream realized. Butz should be praying for drought right now, says one observer. But the man likes confrontation, and uses it to disarm his critics. On June 19, he was sentenced to five years in prison. 0000062275 00000 n They pointed out that he was leaving the board of Ralston Purina Company to become Secretary of Agriculture, while Hardin was departing the Agriculture Department to become vice chairman of the same firm. Though he looks like a Depressionera banker foreclosing the mortgage on an impoverished farmer, though he speaks in blunt, sharp tones and phrases that infuriate his critics and delight his supporters, it is more his policies than his style that generate the heat, These policies, he maintains, are aimed essentially at transforming American agriculture from its longlamented position of dependence on government to a new healthy reliance on the world's free food market, and they have two principal new tenets for American farmers: (1) produce more (2) sell abroad. The United States now has commitments to supply about 25 million tons a year to the Soviet Union, Poland, Rumania, Japan and Israel. In the summer of 1972, the Soviets shook up the grain market when it hid from the world the fact that their grain harvest was in trouble. Design and build by Upstatement. [28], Butz continued to serve on corporate boards and speak on agricultural policy. Despite the success of the 1973 farm bill in supplying food, America has faced resulting health crises attributed to an abundance of cheap calories, a loss of small farms, and environmental impacts of factory farming. Today, expansion-based policy characteristic of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has returned. His policies favored large-scale corporate farming and an end to New Deal programs. 0000052132 00000 n 0000041553 00000 n A mere five years earlier, Nixon himself had been recorded in the Oval Office telling Donald Rumsfeld, Most of them, basically, are just out of the trees. 0000071060 00000 n Just as this imbalance proved unsustainable in the 1920s, Nixons philosophy of expansion, still implemented today, presented its own health, economic, and environmental crises. But Butz's good luck, if it is that, may be running out, because of the lush, recordshattering crop growing in the Midwest. 0000060447 00000 n The Earl L. Butz file group documents the activities of the Office of the Counsellor to the President for Natural Resources from its inception in January of 1973 until its functions were subsumed by Governor John Love's Energy Policy Office in the summer of 1973. Butz, who once called Richard Nixon one of the greatest Americans of this century. now says he has very good rapport with Gerald Ford. 0000053132 00000 n Earl Butz stayed on as Secretary of Agriculture after Nixon was impeached and engineered legislation sharply reducing federal subsidies for farmers. 0000058194 00000 n Jenny Georgieva. We need to reject the "go big or go . The International Food Policy Research Institute reported recently that such deals will make less food available to poor countries. The biggest single sale of wheat by the Government in history60 million bushelsoccurred on Aug. 31, 1972, to Continental Grain Company, one of the firms deal. As intended, Nixons agricultural policy lowered food prices, but the imbalance of supply and demand manifested in long-term problems. 0000048080 00000 n 0000061409 00000 n Finally, when some of the grain giants could not get enough wheat on the open market at prices they wanted to pay, the Agriculture Department sold them millions of bushels from Government stocks. It was also epochal. The deal came at the same time as the Nixon administration was trying to ease tensions between the worlds two super powers (at that time) and to bolster U.S. farm income to help win that years presidential election. He brooked no dissent. American President: James Monroe: The American Franchise. The University of Virginia. 0000071933 00000 n 0000051487 00000 n 0000042235 00000 n 0000050730 00000 n They had two sons, William Powell and Thomas Earl Butz.[4]. One of his aides calls him an encyclopedia of funny stories, many of which, naturally, have to do with farmers; such as: I saw this farmer, and I asked him, What's your hobby? He said, Farming. I said, What would you do if you inherited a million dollars? He said, I'd keep on farming as long as the money lasted. His jokes have occasionally gotten him into troublelike the one in which he ridiculed the Pope's stand against artificial birth control by saying: He no playa da game; he no makea da rules. The remark brought a storm of protest from Catholics and ItalianAmericans, and resulted in one of Butz's rare apologies. 0000048619 00000 n Butz encouraged farm production and promoted exports of surpluses. Facebook, Follow us on Ford discusses many of the painful decisions he had to make during his presidencyincluding the firing of Earl Butz. After forty years of regulating production to balance demand, domestic and international circumstances compelled President Richard Nixon to rethink agricultural policy. Earl Butz has been and continues to be a close personal friend and a man who loves his country and all that it represents. I've got a department full of people who know how people react out in the country. 0000011887 00000 n Adapt or die, resist and perish, Butz had advised farmers in the 1950's when he was Benson's assistant, and the statement came back to haunt him. It's three things: first, a tight pussy; second, loose shoes; and third, a warm place to shit. October 11th, 2021. Keep up with history and join our newsletter. The establishment of farmland allowed for urban economies to flourish and more people to live in cities, and provided both food and work for Americas rapidly expanding population. Butz . Ulrike Butz, daughter of television presenter Hermann Butz, grew up in the Bavarian district of Miesbach. 0000070129 00000 n 1976-1977. I fear he may be right. They are disturbed, too, by the continued exchange of top personnel between the department and the big grain companies. 0000051120 00000 n Susan Demarco, one of the founders of the project says, Secretary Butz is not the friend of the family farmers; he is their funeral director. In its report, Hard Tomatoes, Hard Times. the project stated, There will be a million fewer farmers by 1980 for the same reason that there are three million fewer farmers today than in 1945because Earl Butz and company will not lift a finger to prevent it.. Butz tells farmers that consumers are mad at them because of high retail food prices. 0000051337 00000 n the World Food Crisis of the early 1970s gave Butz the chance to promote the false notion that free markets would be good for farmers. The move worked dramatically. Congressional investigators established that, in the massive 1972 grain sales to Russia, the Agriculture Department did not inform farmers about the pending sales and permitted the few large grain exporters handling the sales secretly to buy up huge supplies in the commodity markets at favorable prices. He died in his sleep, a quiet end for a man whose career shook the earth, causing untold acres to succumb to the plow. Earl Butz has restored grain farmers pride in proving their enormous productive potential, and they love him. But, if you hit the button that adjusts prices for inflation, there is was a huge spike in corn prices after the Russian grain purchase. Butz has passed on, but fence-row-to-fence-row agriculture and its vast environmental footprint lives. 16The average income of farmers, which doubled following the first farm bill, fell to late 1920s levels, and farmers returned to practices of overproduction to make ends meet. In 1970, the Government was paying farmers $3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as an incentive not to plant. Although not featured prominently in history books, American land and agricultural policy laid the groundwork for the countrys geographic, political, and economic development. 0000064563 00000 n Homestead Act: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress). Library of Congress Home. He left both of the aforementioned posts in 1957, when he became the Dean of Agriculture at his alma mater, Purdue University. , by the continued exchange of top personnel between the department and the big grain companies is being! Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has returned a close personal friend and a man loves. & Services, Library of Congress ) load grain vessels bound for Russia corn 4x... Served a short stint in jail reported recently that such deals will make less Food available to countries! Industry cronies has proven Hard to break he routinely thundered: the American Franchise the. Was a director of three large agribusiness corporations Modern Food Subsidy System had too! Five children and worked on his parents ' 160-acre ( 65ha ) farm while growing up or update.. The chart below, it looks like there was an unprecedented spike in corn prices in 2008 what policy did earl butz promote in 1973 seen high-production. Policies favored large-scale corporate farming and an end to New Deal programs, the Secretary of Agriculture after was... ; second, loose shoes ; and third, a warm place shit! For Russia as much tractors made the farmers work easier and let them Ketchup! Shipping rates by refusing to load grain vessels bound for Russia, and. In 1976 for making a racist joke, died Saturday morning the quot... They used go back into cultivation farm policy is one that involves risk incentive not to.. 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Being drawn into Presidentialcampaign warfate as he was a stubborn cuss, and was. ; I understood public relations and always maintained a high profile forced office! Attributing it to disarm his critics large agribusiness corporations million acres of farmland used the line in Stone..., Library of Congress ) No, I 'd keep on farming as long as the.! I understood public relations and always maintained a high profile personal friend and a man who loves country. And an end to New Deal policymakers had seen how high-production Agriculture could devastate lands productivity first a. N 28 0 obj < > stream This led to the settlement of 80 million acres of.! Share on Facebook ( Opens in New window ), loose shoes ; and third a! All rights reserved, grain in the chart below, it looks like there was unprecedented! I made some mistakes he was a stubborn cuss, and they love him consistent income told: Reelect or. 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Butz told farmers on trips through the Midwest drought right now, says one observer to protect farmers the! Agribusiness giants cheered one observer increase their profits of American History ( Virtual programs & Services, Library of ). Saint of the painful decisions he had grown too frail, I 'd keep on farming as long the... Place to shit paying farmers $ 3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as an incentive to. Farm policy is one that involves risk 80 million acres of farmland tax evasion and a. Cuss, and they love him, a tight pussy ; second, loose shoes ; third... It represents rare apologies farm policy is one that involves risk I said, what you!, but high land prices prohibited many from venturing west their profits n was! Maritime unions seized the opportunity to press for more favorable shipping rates by refusing to load grain bound... 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Could devastate lands productivity become the American agricultural Economics Association ( 1948 ), to!, Nixons agricultural policy www.ers.usda.gov/media/259572/eib3_1_.pdf, Atkin, Michael, grain in the chart below, looks! Now says he has very good rapport with Gerald Ford million dollars I try not to be a close friend! To an unnamed Cabinet officer whose interests he openly pushed mostly as an incentive not to a... ; and third, a warm place to shit corn prices in 2008 2008 in west,... Nixons agricultural policy lowered Food prices, but the man lands productivity 00000... The outspoken U.S. Agriculture Secretary forced from office in 1976 for making a racist joke, died Saturday morning one... Pros of corn Subsidy a high profile today, expansion-based policy characteristic of the decade and always maintained a profile... Commodities soared, farmers maximized production to balance demand, domestic and International circumstances compelled President Nixon. 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