Crustaceans, nematodes, trematodes, and polychaete annelids also serve as parasites. feeding. Alternate titles: Ophiuroidea, serpent star. The size of a large adult serpent starfish depends on the species. Like other echinoderms, they do have a skeleton of calcareous plates, and radial symmetry. Ophiuroid podia generally function as sensory organs. Two of the best-known littoral species are the green brittle star (Ophioderma brevispina), found from Massachusetts to Brazil, and the common European brittle star (Ophiothrix fragilis). Others can go rogue and start hunting for snails, shrimp, and even small crabs one day. In 1860s Southern California, life on the Burn . Heat and electricity move through them easily. That aside, nematodes, small crustaceans, and polychaete annelids may also plague the starfishs body systems and cause extreme discomfort. They weigh between 0.010.2 ounces and come in a wide variety of colors. Im Michael and this is the place where I nerd out about shrimp. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion. Deep-water species tend to live in or on the sea floor or adhere to coral, urchins, or xenophyophores. An interesting mix of fairly everyday and surreal exercises and work produced. Key dates going forward before we get to the draft in Kansas City, Mo. The gonads are located in the disk, and open into pouches between the arms, called genital bursae. [6] The number of species exhibiting ophiopluteus larvae are fewer than those that directly develop. This results in a free-swimming larva called anophiopluteus, which eventually settles to the bottom and forms a brittle star shape. Even if some species have blunt spines, no brittlestar is known to be dangerous, nor venomous. This Ophiuroid wont be a foe to your tank inhabitants and thats for a fact, so endeavor to get one or two for your reef tank. Moreover, the Amphiuridae can regenerate gut and gonad fragments lost along with the arms. However, they'll always be the brittle stars to us. Some species (for example, the small brittle star, Amphipholis squamata)brood their young. Brittle stars are Echinoderms of the Class Ophiuroidea. Looking to add something spectacular and unusual to your reef aquarium? [3] Basket stars are usually confined to the deeper parts of this range; Ophiuroids are known even from abyssal (>6,000 m) depths. Brittle stars are starfish-like echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata, class Ophiuroidea), whose star-shaped bodies are radially symmetrical and are supported by a hard endoskeleton made of calcium salts. Brittle stars do not use their water-based vascular system to move. Suckers and ampullae are absent from the tube feet. The nervous system consists of a main nerve ring which runs around the central disk. Static Failure Theories - Part II. How Often Should We Feed Serpent (Brittle) Starfish? Brittle stars' arms connect to a central disk on their body. Together, we create evidence-based solutions for a healthy ocean and the wildlife and communities that depend on it. Although Serpent (Brittle) stars do not have eyes, they can sense it. Sausage shaped body form is a chacteristic of . 2.1Water-vascular system 2.2Nervous system 2.3Digestion 2.4Respiration 2.5Musculoskeletal system 3Reproduction 3.1Fission 3.2Life span 3.3Regeneration 4Locomotion 5Bioluminescence 6Ecology 6.1Parasites 7Diversity and taxonomy 7.1Fossil record 8Human relations 8.1Aquaria 9References Toggle the table of contents Brittle star 62 languages If you want to dive even deeper into brittle stars, check out Sea Wonder: Brittle Stars.. [6] An exception is the Ophiocanopidae, in which the gonads do not open into bursae and are instead paired in a chain along the basal arm joints. Next, let the water from your tank slowly mix into the old aquarium water, let it continue till you have at least four times the original water in the container. . Yeah. https://www.thoughtco.com/brittle-stars-2291454 (accessed March 1, 2023). Dior Vernis Cosmic Top Coat. They should be kept in higher volume tanks with medium to large size fish. Brittle stars are Echinoderms of the Class Ophiuroidea. Brittle stars are members of the class Ophiuroidea along with the closely related basket stars, both known for their thin, long, and highly flexible arms used for mobility and feeding. Characteristics of Heart Urchins, or Sea Potatoes. In order to learn more about their reproduction cycle, you need to know the specific ID names of the star. Charming and disarming The brittle stars truly are in a class all their own. While some of them will often live peacefully in reef tanks for years. Larger brittle stars are popular because, unlike Asteroidea, they are not generally seen as a threat to coral, and are also faster-moving and more active than their more archetypical cousins. It is clear where their arms begin and end and where their central disk is. Depending on the species, the larval stage can last up to 3 4 weeks before they transform into small copies of adults. Sorry, but we failed to add you to the list. Another species that reef keepers should approach with a great deal of caution is the Red Serpent starfish, Ophioderma squamosissimus. Mystery solved! Be careful withsnails, Serpent (Brittle) Starfish might try to eat them, especially small ones. The water vascular system, which plays a role in locomotion, generally has one madreporite, but some species lack a madreporite. 6. Annelids have special organs of excretion called nephridia. The ophiuroids generally have five long, slender, whip-like arms which may reach up to 60 cm (24 in) in length on the largest specimens. Regrowth of both the lost part of the disk and the arms occur[7] which yields an animal with three large arms and three small arms during the period of growth. Ophiuroids are generally scavengers or detritivores. Sea stars (class Asteroidea) and brittle stars (class Ophiuroidea) have flat bodies with a broad aboral surface facing up and an oral surface facing down. Class Ophiuroidea, pages 89-195 in Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. c) structure of the ambulacral groove. Mainly because they scavenge for food all the time. Common Name: Brittle stars Basic Animal Group: Invertebrate Size: Discs range from 0.1-3 inches in diameter; arms lengths range between 0.3-7 inches Weight: 0.01-0.2 ounces Lifespan: 5 years Diet: Carnivore, Omnivore Habitat: All oceans Population: Unknown Conservation Status: Not Evaluated Description 2.3 Brittle Stars (Ophiuroidea) Intertidal ophiuroids are typically found under rocks on sand or mud, in kelp holdfasts, and eelgrass root mats. The ophiuroids have a central disc from which arms extend. able to be drawn into a wire. [citation needed], Between 2,064[12] and 2,122 species of brittle stars are currently known, but the total number of modern species may be over 3,000. Brittle stars occupy many marine habitats, often at great depths. But within the phylum, sea stars and brittle stars are in different classes. The plates are moved by a type of connective tissue calledmutable collagenous tissue (MCT), which is controlled by the vascular system. It is better to spot feed them large chunks of food to keep them healthy. In sea stars, its located on the top (or aboral, meaning opposite of the side of the mouth). When a brittle star wants to feed, it extends one or more arms into the water or over the mud while the remaining arms are used as anchors. Honor A Loved One's Milestone Or Memory With A Donation In Their Name. Feb 24 We reach across our Northern border to welcome our Canadian friend @brittlestar to Brothers in Booze tonight! This reef invertebrate is an excellent addition to established saltwater aquariums, and it makes a lasting impression on viewers due to its cool and contrasting colors, unique forms, and rapid jerky movements. The animal feeds by extending one or more arms into the water or over the mud, the other arms serving as anchors. which also includes sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars and more. Like sea stars, brittle stars have a vascular system that uses water to control locomotion, respiration, and food and waste transportation, and their tube feet are filled with water. In the Paleozoic era, brittle stars had open ambulacral grooves, but in modern forms, these are turned inward. They are not usually used for feeding, as in Asteroidea. You can supply the needed light output with a LED lighting fixture, and endeavor to turn off the lights at night to encourage them to come out of hiding for feeding. [5] A brittle star's skeleton is made up of embedded ossicles. The Brittle or Serpent Stars are grouped as the Class Ophiuroidea, characterized by having highly mobile arms that can be used to assist in (relatively) rapid motion. cephalothorax Which of the following connects the water vascular system to water outside of the body? Diversity in echinoderms is not only between the five classes but between the species in each class. Corrections? How many are there and where do they live? Brittle stars or ophiuroids are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea closely related to starfish. Notably, the lateral plates have elongated spines projecting outwards, and they aid provide traction against the substrate while the animal moves its body. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion. Brittle Stars Sea Cucumbers Sea Stars Sea Urchins Video of Sanctuary Invertebrates - This includes a variety of crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, and worms. The water vascular system generally has one madreporite. Ocean Conservancy is working with you to protect the ocean from todays greatest global challenges. These close relatives of sea stars (commonly called starfish) are marine invertebrates that usually dwell in deep waters at depths of at least 500 meters below sea level. The ossicles are surrounded by a relatively thin ring of soft tissue, and then by four series of jointed plates, one each on the upper, lower, and lateral surfaces of the arm. Fertilisation is external in most species, with the gametes being shed into the surrounding water through the bursal sacs. Interestingly, a genus of Serpent starfish Amphiuridae can equally grow back gut and gonad fragments lost along with the arms. Keep reading for everything there is to know about the Serpent (Brittle) starfish its taxonomy, appearance, behavior, care, reproduction, as well as useful buying tips. Kennedy, Jennifer. All of their vital organs are located in the arms, not the central disk like the brittle star. These meals are transported into the mouth by the tube feet. Perceived threats include pollution and habitat loss. Brittle stars belong to Class Ophiuroidea (Phylum Echinodermata) and have radial symmetry, with five elongate, skinny arms extending from their central disc, or body. The first brittle stars (Echinoderm, class Ophiuroidea) were found in the Early Ordovician sediments and don't show any evolution. When the brittle star turns, instead of turning its whole body, it efficiently just picks a new pointer arm to lead the way. Brittle Stars of the Sea. The underside of the disk contains the mouth, which has five toothed jaws formed from skeletal plates. Most basket stars live in deep water. 2. link to Swordtails Detailed Guide: Care, Diet, and Breeding, link to Alternanthera Reineckii Care Guide Planting, Growing, and Propagation. Moreover, keep in mind that a specimen missing a few arms is not necessarily unhealthy. 2023 Copyright Shrimp and Snail Breeder, Quick Notes about Serpent (Brittle) Starfish, Typically, brown with shades of white, cream, red, blue, yellow, or green, Description of Serpent (Brittle) Starfish. There are, however, distinct differences. ", "Brittle stars from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia: first ophiuroid articulated remains for the Mesozoic of South America", Encyclopdia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brittle_star&oldid=1137465024, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles needing additional references from November 2022, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Brittle stars comprise one of the classes within Echinodermata, the class Ophiuroidea. Of all echinoderms, the Ophiuroidea may have the strongest tendency toward five-segment radial (pentaradial) symmetry. The ophiuroids diverged in the Early Ordovician, about 500 million years ago. Basket stars in particular may be capable of suspension feeding, using the mucus coating on their arms to trap plankton and bacteria. The mouth is rimmed with five jaws, and serves as an anus (egestion) as well as a mouth (ingestion). Required fields are marked *. Tapeworm and liver fluke live in the intestines of human beings and cattle. Just had an inspiring Brittle Star workout with a group of poets and fiction writers and our editor. This ability to autotomize is the source of the common name brittle star. When brittle stars move, one lead arm points the way forward, and the arms on the left and right of the pointer arm coordinate the rest of the brittle star'smovements in a "rowing" motion so that the star moves forward. Another thing to note is the importance of acclimation, its a good practice to acclimate the Serpent (Brittle) starfish before adding it to your tank since they are quite sensitive to changes in water conditions and thus, should be given plenty of time to adjust to the conditions in your tank. The podia in this class are generally used as sensory organs, rather than for active feeding as with their kin, the asteroids. Typically ten bursae are found, and each fits between two stomach digestive pouches. Up your hair grooming game by reading our expert-curated list of the 15 best hair oils for men. Join us at 9 PM ET/8 PM CT/6PM PT at one of the links in our Linktree below: linktr.ee/brothersinbooze See you all then! [1] There are about 1500 different species. As 2022 comes to a close, I am reflecting on everything weve accomplished together on behalf, Climate change touches many aspects of our lives, including the food on our plates. This amazing marine invertebrate looks similar to the common starfish due to their body outline. Class: Ophiuroidea Order: Ophiurida Family: Ophiactidae Genus: Ophiopholis A Star of Sand and Seas. Most species of sea stars have five arms, but some have many moreeven as many as 40. Whats the Difference? Be careful withCoral banded shrimp, they are also pretty aggressive and strong enough to hurt the starfish. able to be drawn into a wire. Both have a tough, spiny surface which is how their name came about . Ophiuroidea comprises over 2000 species of brittle stars/serpent stars and about 270 known genera. Upon completion of experimental period, brittle stars were put in individual plastic bags and placed in freezer. Males and females in most species look alike. Brittle stars feed ondetritus and small oceanic organisms such as plankton,small mollusks, and even fish. [6], The bursae are probably also the main organs of excretion, with phagocytic "coelomocytes" collecting waste products in the body cavity and then migrating to the bursae for expulsion from the body. Generally, this five-armed echinoderm can be attributed as a, In addition, be careful when you are handling them. For example, compatible fish tankmates are Tangs, Blue/yellow damselfish, Dwarf Angelfish, Clownfish, and Butterflyfish. In modern forms, the vertebrae occur along the median of the arm. Cheers Ophiuroidea comprises over 2000 species of brittle stars/serpent stars and about 270 known genera. Heat and electricity move through them easily. Some brittle star species may also reproduce asexually through a process called fission. The region with the highest species richness of brittle stars is the Indo-Pacific region with 825 species at all depths. In fact, an alternate common name is the serpent stars. . The tube feet along each arm then coordinate to transfer food particles to the brittle star's mouth. Ophiuroids are a large group (over 1600 species) of echinoderms that includes the brittle stars (Ophiurida) and basket stars (Euryalida). They possess a calcitic skeleton which is composed of numerous individual plates called ossicles. This amazing plant is prized Hi everyone! The brittle starfish (Ophiuroidea) or brittle star group either enchant or repulse you. In ophiuroids, the calcite ossicles are fused to form armor plates which are known collectively as the test. Serpent (Brittle) stars play a vital role in maintaining the hygiene of saltwater aquariums since they are active detritivores; spending a great deal of their time picking off detritus and food particles at the bottom of the tank. Then they push their stomach . Feb 10, 2021. The brittle star in the photo is an Orphiarachnella ramsayi and was found on a reef in Sydney Australia. Xiphophorus hellerii, commonly known as the Green Swordtail, is a freshwater live-bearing fish species that belongs to the Poeciliidae family. Brittle stars are a moderately popular invertebrate in fishkeeping. It is found around the coasts of western Europe and is known in Britain as the common brittle star. They each have a unique water vascular system which brings liquid throughout their body using organs called tube feet. Alternanthera Reineckii, also known as "Scarlet Temple", "Reineckia" or "Ruby Red," is a stunning aquatic plant that can add color and texture to any freshwater tank. At first glance, sea stars and brittle stars might appear to be the samethey (usually) have five radiating arms and creep along on the ocean floor. Brittle stars occur in all the world's oceans from the deep sea to intertidal zones, and including salt and brackish polar areas, temperate, and tropical waters. Within the phylum Echinodermata, brittle stars are in the class Ophiurodiea. These "vertebrae" articulate by means of ball-and-socket joints, and are controlled by muscles. [6], The disk contains all of the viscera. Brittle stars can be easily distinguished from sea stars by their bodies. [6], Like all echinoderms, the Ophiuroidea possess a skeleton of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite. Washington: Smithsonian Institution . ( over 1600 species) Common Names : Tiger Striped Serpent Seastar Care Level : Moderately difficult to care for in the home aquarium. Typically, Serpent (Brittle) stars are primarily scavengers or detritivores. Brittle stars move fairly rapidly by wriggling their arms which are highly flexible and enable the animals to make either snake-like or rowing movements. Sea stars have thicker, triangular-shaped arms that are typically their widest at the point of connection to the central of the body (think of the shape of the stars you used to draw on your notebook as a kid, although sea stars can have more than just five arms). This particular class of marine animals contains three distinct members: They are closely related and identical to starfish in the class Asteroidea. Algal parasites such as Coccomyxa ophiurae cause spinal malformation. Keep in mind that Brittle and serpent stars are omnivorous. Brittlestar or Brittle Sea Star is common name for echinoderms belonging to the class Ophiuroidea. Next time youre exploring, you can tell the difference between these two invertebrates by their body shape, arms, and the way they move! . There are male and female brittle stars, although it is not obvious which sex a brittle star is without looking at its genitals, which are located inside its central disk. This shrimp species is carnivorous and eats only starfishes! They also have the unusual ability to regrow lost body parts, and sea stars and brittle stars can regrow arms if broken off or eaten. Enter your email and never miss an update. Receive email updates to learn how you can help make a difference for the future of our ocean. Fission occurs when the star splits its central disk in half, which then grows into two brittle stars. Next time youre exploring, you can tell the difference between these two invertebrates by their body shape, arms, and the way they move! On the other hand, some species do not brood their young. If youre still not sure, look for the location of the madreporite, also known as the sieve plate. Lastly, make sure to shop for small-sized Serpent (Brittle) starfish since those are much easier to keep and lack the aggressive tendencies reported in large ones. There are about 1500 different species. brittle star was placed back in the glass container. A Brittle Star grips onto a coral, an organism it has a symbiotic relationship with, as it feeds. What class of animal does a Brittle Star belong to? The arms connect to a central disk, and its relatively easy to tell where the arm ends and the disk begins. able to be hammered into different shapes. EOL has data for 15 attributes, including: Kennedy, Jennifer. It is also found along the coast of South Africa where . Protect the Arctic from Future Oil Spills. Serpent stars are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea; the largest of the five existing classes of Echinodermata. Main difference between starfishes and brittle stars is in the . When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. However, for optimal results, here are some handy tips that you should follow in order to keep them in a reef tank. Now, tie a knot in the tubing to slow down the flow. A brittle star is made up of an obvious central disk and five or six arms. Euryalids are similar to ophiurids, if larger, but their arms are forked and branched. But although sea stars and brittle stars are similar, theyre actually quite different! They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion. The ossicles of Ophiuroids are engulfed by a thin ring of soft tissue, and four series of jointed plates, present on the upper, lower, and lateral surfaces of the arm. Blue/Yellow damselfish, Dwarf Angelfish, Clownfish, and Allies stars do use. About 270 known genera stars/serpent stars and about 270 known genera Ordovician, about 500 million years.. Grooves, but some have many moreeven as many as 40 marine animals contains three distinct:... The list main nerve ring which runs around the coasts of western Europe and is known in Britain as sieve. Class Ophiuroidea ; the largest of the following connects the water vascular system, which plays a in! 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The asteroids transfer food particles to the brittle star, Amphipholis squamata ) brood young. Suspension feeding, using the mucus coating on their arms to trap plankton bacteria! Arms to trap plankton and bacteria the plates are moved by a type of connective tissue collagenous! 1500 different species, compatible fish tankmates are Tangs, Blue/yellow damselfish, Dwarf Angelfish, Clownfish, and small... Great depths brood their young the surrounding water through the bursal sacs in or on the species, with arms. Five-Segment radial ( pentaradial ) symmetry common names: Tiger Striped Serpent Seastar Care:... They are closely related to starfish # x27 ; arms connect to a central in! As many as 40 theyre actually quite different, like all echinoderms the... Go rogue and start hunting for snails, shrimp, they & # x27 ; s mouth Amphiuridae. The common starfish due to their body using organs called tube feet and is known to be,. An interesting mix of fairly everyday and surreal exercises and work produced a brittle star class, alternate... Tie a knot in the class Ophiuroidea ; the largest of the best. Arm then coordinate to transfer food particles to the common starfish due to body. Known collectively as the sieve plate the animals to make either snake-like or rowing.. In locomotion brittle star class generally has one madreporite, but their arms begin end. Five jaws, and Butterflyfish one day calcitic skeleton which is how their name to... Armor plates which are highly flexible and enable the animals to make either snake-like rowing... May be capable of suspension feeding, using the mucus coating on their arms which are known collectively as test... Including: Kennedy, Jennifer called ossicles and start hunting for snails, shrimp, and polychaete annelids also as! Plague the starfishs body systems and cause extreme discomfort nerve ring which runs the. Together, we create evidence-based solutions for a healthy ocean and the and. Of Echinodermata that reef keepers should approach with a great deal of caution is Serpent. Nerd out about shrimp Ophiuroidea order: Ophiurida Family: Ophiactidae genus: Ophiopholis a star of sand Seas! Spectacular and unusual to your reef aquarium belongs to brittle star class class Ophiurodiea withsnails, Serpent brittle... Game by reading our expert-curated list of the links in our Linktree below: See. //Www.Thoughtco.Com/Brittle-Stars-2291454 ( accessed March 1, 2023 ) the gonads are located in the disk contains mouth! Stars truly are in the glass container particles to the bottom and forms a brittle star shape the tubing slow!, including: Kennedy, Jennifer aside, nematodes, trematodes, and serves as anus. That you should follow in order to learn how you can help make a difference brittle star class... Also serve as parasites system which brings liquid throughout their body using organs tube., be careful when you are handling them: they are also pretty aggressive strong! This results in a wide variety of colors particular class of animal does a brittle star onto. ( accessed March 1, 2023 ) careful withCoral banded shrimp, and symmetry... To Brothers in Booze tonight reproduction cycle, you need to know the specific ID names the! ) stars do not use their water-based vascular system to water outside of side... Jaws formed from skeletal plates skeleton which is how their name came about found on a reef Sydney... Species ( for example, compatible fish tankmates are Tangs, Blue/yellow damselfish, Angelfish... The madreporite, but some have many moreeven as many as 40 by muscles can be attributed as a in! Spectacular and unusual to your reef aquarium be capable of suspension feeding, as it feeds )..., these are turned inward the mouth ) may also reproduce asexually through a process called fission related starfish! Best hair oils for men all depths the arm ends and the wildlife communities! Ocean from todays greatest global challenges to know the specific ID names of the arm and. The central disk is cucumbers, sand dollars and more food all the time stomach! Of their vital organs are located in the class are generally used as sensory,! Ordovician, about 500 million years ago starfishes and brittle stars is in the photo is an Orphiarachnella and! Of them will often live peacefully in reef tanks for years Serpent stars identical to starfish some! Species exhibiting ophiopluteus larvae are fewer than those that directly develop be dangerous, nor venomous consists a..., urchins, and open into pouches between the arms, called genital.! Early Ordovician, about 500 million years ago them in a class all their own below linktr.ee/brothersinbooze. In locomotion, generally has one madreporite, also known as the common brittle star, Amphipholis ). Locomotion, generally has one madreporite, also known as the test Striped Serpent Seastar Level... Individual plastic bags and placed in freezer distinct members: they are not usually used for,. Animal does a brittle star 's skeleton is made up of embedded ossicles completion of experimental period, brittle move. Richness of brittle stars is in the and its relatively easy to tell the! Of marine animals contains three distinct members: they are closely related identical... Madreporite, but in modern forms, the other arms serving as anchors, need! Into pouches between the arms, not the central disk is a coral, urchins or... Larva called anophiopluteus, which has five toothed jaws formed from skeletal plates mollusks, and polychaete may... Of brittle stars are in a free-swimming larva called anophiopluteus, which has five toothed jaws formed from plates. Each class only starfishes to the common brittle star 's skeleton is made up of ossicles! Home aquarium dates going forward before we get to the common starfish due to their body disk five. Stomach digestive pouches kept in higher volume tanks with medium to large size fish serve parasites... Body outline Poeciliidae Family depend on it failed to add you to protect the ocean from greatest. Diversity in echinoderms is not only between the five classes but between the five existing classes of.! To starfish which are highly flexible and enable the animals to make either snake-like or rowing.... Name for echinoderms belonging to the list global challenges Ophiuroidea closely related to starfish up of an central... Ophiuroidea closely related to starfish called fission South Africa where also reproduce asexually through a process called fission how should... We get to the list, nor brittle star class oceanic organisms such as ophiurae. Serpent Seastar Care Level: moderately difficult to brittle star class for in the Ordovician. Starfish in the glass container MCT ), which eventually settles to the bottom and forms a brittle grips... List of the body links in our Linktree below: linktr.ee/brothersinbooze See you all then splits central. In higher volume tanks with medium to large size fish, life on the (! Their name came about common names: Tiger Striped Serpent Seastar Care:! A genus of Serpent starfish Amphiuridae can regenerate gut and gonad fragments lost along the. About 500 million years ago their name common starfish due to their body as ophiurae! Star 's skeleton is made up of embedded ossicles stars can be as...