Danner, M. (2006). In making this very important decision, Europe has chosen butter over guns. As science and technology become increasingly sophisticated, we face an ever-greater need for people who comprehend the related social, political, economic, legal and ethical issues. Some relevant global social problems include income inequality (poverty), corruption, the rise in authoritarianism (erosion of democratic values), criminality, unsustainable development, and bullying in schools. The remaining several hundred refugees hid and were shot at for three days by US ground soldiers. Social issues news. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. As these numbers make clear, military personnel who commit rape and sexual assault almost always avoid any punishment. Defense outlays rose by 85 percent beyond inflation between 2000 and 2011. To get a more accurate estimate of how many such crimes occur, sound social research is necessary. Harrison, T. (2012). American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. A., & Wilson, S. M. (2010). Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. When these costs are taken into account, the total 2011 military budget ranged between an estimated $1.2 trillion and $1.4 trillion (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). Critics of the military budget say that the billions of dollars spent on weapons and other military needs would be better spent on domestic needs such as schools and day care. Religion is a very important ideology in this regard. According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011). These actions did destroy the countryside, but they also destroyed humans. But veterans are casualties in other ways, as the news story that began this chapter made clear. That is because social science studying the same thing as natural science --- matter, of its structure and mode of motion. Social Science of War Theory and Practice of Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition Kyle Atwell | 02.20.23 Episode 6, Season 1 of the Social Science of War podcast examines the role of proxy warfare in. If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. By 2011, NIJ's solicitation for social science research on forensic science yielded several solid proposals, and we were able to fund five projects. Gerber, S. (2012, February 7). It includes a range of topics on social science and humanities, such as history, culture, geography, sociology, education, etc. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched More than 20,000 nuclear warheads now exist; 4,800 are operational and almost 2,000 (held by the United States and Russia) are on high alert, ready to be used at any time (Federation of American Scientists, 2011). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 7 answers. As we move further into the twenty-first century, the issue of military spending will present a major challenge for US political and economic institutions to address in a way that meets Americas international and domestic interests. One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. How You Can Get social science issues related to war With a Zero-Dollar Budget; As the United States has been engaged in several armed conflicts in recent years, I have had several conversations with friends regarding the implications of war on society and how things have changed. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. Many veterans are experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), marked by nightmares, panic attacks, and other symptoms (Dao, 2012). Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security. The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. Why. These issues basically have two forms of impactfirst, the student's performance suffers, and second, the teacher starts having different . The primary mode of research involved survey questionnaires given anonymously to samples, many of them random, of military members. Where your income tax money really goes. Drew, C. (2011, March 30). Children of deployed troops struggle, study finds. For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html. The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Are we giant suckers? Women veterans face a special problem that most male veterans do not have to fear. Lochhead, C. (2012, February 14). As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. The Times-Leader. An ongoing Gallup poll asks Americans to rate the most important problems and social issues facing the country. New York Times, p. B4. This course systematically identifies a comprehensive picture of current social issues and concerns in a school as they impact socio-cultural development; student safety and violence prevention; person/social development; and academic achievement. Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2011). Women veterans say that when they do report rape and sexual assault, military officials typically either blame them for what happened, ignore the crime altogether, or give the offender a very mild punishment such as not being allowed to leave a military base for a short period. . They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. Federal spending includes both mandatory and discretionary spending. Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. What happened to a leaner, meaner military. It emerged from china and spread worldwide in a quick time span. Voice of America News. Each F-35 costs about $300 million. Sources: Fischer, H. (2005). Generally accepted as falling under the heading social science are sociology, anthropology, political science, psychology, and economics, although debates still rage within these disciplines as to the degree to which each is a humanity versus a science. (2011). Nuclear war is no longer a two-player game, as it largely was during the cold war, with the U.S. and NATO facing off against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. New York Times, p. A1. APA 950 words Get instant access to the full solution from by clicking the purchase button below $12.00 Added to cart Related Questions: Watch this clip from the popular TV show Adam Ruins Everything titled The Secret Reason Weed is Illegal . They also say that the stationing of some 300,000 American troops on 865 military bases abroad at the time of this writing, including 81,000 troops in Europe and 220,000 in other nations, is hardly needed to ensure the nations defense. This same yearly amount could have paid for one years worth (California cost figures) of all of the following (National Priorities Project, 2012): All these figures demonstrate that war and preparation for war indeed have a heavy human cost, not only in the numbers of dead and wounded, but also in the diversion of funds from important social functions and needs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. WAR AND RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE 363 the basic data of the social sciences are the be-havior patterns of human beings, which exhibit that variety conditioned by the unique nervous organization known as the human . The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Give Me Liberty! The following are common examples of a social issue. Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Usually included within the social sciences are cultural (or social) anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. Historically and also today, nations in the Middle East and elsewhere have gone to war or are otherwise in conflict because of religious differences. This individualistic focus risks neglecting the core issue: the role of a social world, invariably targeted in war and yet still embodying the capacity of survivor populations to manage their suffering, adapt and recover on a collective basis. Acting out wars inner wounds. Social Problems by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Social research can help solve them. According to this argument, war is part of our genetic heritage because the humans who survived tens of thousands of years ago were those who were most able, by virtue of their temperament and physicality, to take needed resources from other humans they attacked and to defend themselves from attackers. To illustrate this trend, compare two periods of history (Pinker, 2012). They say the United States could safely decrease its nuclear and conventional weapons arsenals without at all endangering national security. Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. A central part of US military strategy in Vietnam involved destroying rice fields and the rest of the countryside to make it difficult for the Vietcong forces to engage in guerrilla warfare. (2011, November 11). tific Monthly 50: 5-17, 1940. Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. However, issues also affect higher education, and we examine a few of them here. 2023 World War II-style rationing could be an effective way to reduce carbon . Identify two social science issues related to education. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. Slashing Americas defense: A suicidal trajectory. Tirman notes that approximately 6 million civilians and soldiers died in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars. War also has impact beyond the consequences for civilians and veterans. History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). One of the most obvious problems is war, which, I would argue, has become obsolete. Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. Tirman (2012, p. 107) writes, Surviving Koreans from the onslaught described in detail the chaotic panic they experienced; having believed the Americans were protecting them, they then saw the U.S. troops fire indiscriminately at men, women, and children at the scene. At the end of the three days, about four hundred civilians lay dead. It also documents the psychological and health effects of military sexual assault (MSA). Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. Compared to Europe, then, the United States has chosen guns over butter, leaving far less money for its social needs. 9.5 million children receiving low-income health care (Medicaid), 1.7 million students receiving full-tuition scholarships at state universities, 1.6 million Head Start slots for children. (2012). Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars. The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). As its name implies, mandatory spending is required by various laws and includes such things as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. The suicide rate of the general population is only 11.3 deaths per 100,000 population. Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. Source: First F-35C Flight, Wikipedia, Last modified on November 20, 2011, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv. Scholars have attempted to explain why human beings wage war. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm. The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. problems, problems not so apparent in the analo-gous sciences, problems arising from the fact that . John Tirman, director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worries that Americans have neglected the civilian victims of war. More than 100 million soldiers and civilians are estimated to have died during the international and civil wars of the twentieth century (Leitenberg, 2006). Third, and helping to explain the success of this lobbying, military spending provides jobs and income to the home districts of members of Congress. Herdy, A., & Moffeit, M. (2004). It includes studies of individuals and the . The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. Very few studies include men in their surveys, but one study reported a 3 percent rate of sexual assault victimization for men while they were in the military. One of the many sad truisms of war is that its impact on a society is greatest when the war takes place within the societys boundaries. A recent study found that adolescents with a deployed parent are more likely than those with civilian parents to feel depressed and suicidal. Question DescriptionIdentify two social science issues related to war. The suicide rate of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans is thus more than three times higher than that of the general public (Martinez & Bingham, 2011). In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. Virtual reality But he also notes that the Korean and Vietnam wars included many atrocities committed by American troops against civilians. These weapons were never found, and critics charged that the White House had fabricated and exaggerated evidence of the weapons in order to win public and congressional support for the war (Danner, 2006). Each of these warheads is an average of at least twenty times more powerful than each of the atomic bombs that decimated Japan. Episode 1, Season 1 of Social Science of War examines the implications for land warfare from the Russian invasion of Ukrainethe biggest land war in Europe since World War II. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. A popular explanation comes from the field of evolutionary biology and claims that a tendency toward warfare is hardwired into our genetic heritage because it conferred certain evolutionary advantages. The Nation. Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. The social sciences are concerned with the study of human society and with the relationship of individuals in, and to, society. The Washington Post. Looking further back in world history, the death rate in prehistoric times from tribal warfare was extremely high. Public, private organizations work to help thousands of homeless veterans in NY. Social Issues in Sports & Activities: Athletics. Identify two social science issues related to war. 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