CONTROLLING FACTORS : 1. Secondly, there is a growing concern among people the world over to deal with the menace created by these so that the loss of human life and property can be minimised. Scarcity of water compels people to consume contaminated water resulting in spread of many waterborne diseases like gastro-enteritis, cholera, hepatitis, etc. As compared to these, the earthquakes associated with volcanic eruption, rock fall, landslides, subsidence, particularly in the mining areas, impounding of dams and reservoirs, etc. Cameroon (4,095 m), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in Oku volcanic field have released fatal levels of gas on occasion, killing some 1,700 people in 1986, continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains, volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant, hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common, hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues, severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis, volcanism: significant volcanic activity due to more than three-dozen active volcanoes along the Andes Mountains; Lascar (5,592 m), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (3,125 m) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Cerro Hudson, Calbuco, Copahue, Guallatiri, Llullaillaco, Nevados de Chillan, Puyehue, San Pedro, and Villarrica; see note 2 under "Geography - note", frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence, volcanism: China contains some historically active volcanoes including Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or P'aektu-san), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent centuries, the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard, subject to tropical storms and hurricanes from May to October, highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts, volcanism: Galeras (4,276 m) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes, having erupted in 2009 and 2010 causing major evacuations; it has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Nevado del Ruiz (5,321 m), 129 km (80 mi) west of Bogota, erupted in 1985 producing lahars (mudflows) that killed 23,000 people; the volcano last erupted in 1991; additionally, after 500 years of dormancy, Nevado del Huila reawakened in 2007 and has experienced frequent eruptions since then; other historically active volcanoes include Cumbal, Dona Juana, Nevado del Tolima, and Purace, cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on Grand Comore, volcanism: Karthala (2,361 m) on Grand Comore Island last erupted in 2007; a 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to be evacuated and produced a large ash cloud, periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); active volcanoes in the east along the Great Rift Valley, volcanism: Nyiragongo (3,470 m), which erupted in 2002 and is experiencing ongoing activity, poses a major threat to the city of Goma, home to a quarter million people; the volcano produces unusually fast-moving lava, known to travel up to 100 km /hr; Nyiragongo has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; its neighbor, Nyamuragira, which erupted in 2010, is Africa's most active volcano; Visoke is the only other historically active volcano, occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes, volcanism: Arenal (1,670 m), which erupted in 2010, is the most active volcano in Costa Rica; a 1968 eruption destroyed the town of Tabacon; Irazu (3,432 m), situated just east of San Jose, has the potential to spew ash over the capital city as it did between 1963 and 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Miravalles, Poas, Rincon de la Vieja, and Turrialba, coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible, the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common, Curacao is south of the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened, flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes, earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods, volcanism: experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active, flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months, volcanism: Dominica was the last island to be formed in the Caribbean some 26 million years ago, it lies in the middle of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from the island of Saba in the north to Grenada in the south; of the 16 volcanoes that make up this arc, five are located on Dominica, more than any other island in the Caribbean: Morne aux Diables (861 m), Morne Diablotins (1,430 m), Morne Trois Pitons (1,387 m), Watt Mountain (1,224 m), which last erupted in 1997, and Morne Plat Pays (940 m); the two best known volcanic features on Dominica, the Valley of Desolation and the Boiling Lake thermal areas, lie on the flanks of Watt Mountain and both are popular tourist destinations, lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts, frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity concentrated along the Andes Mountains; Sangay (5,230 m), which erupted in 2010, is mainland Ecuador's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes in the Andes include Antisana, Cayambe, Chacana, Cotopaxi, Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, Sumaco, and Tungurahua; Fernandina (1,476 m), a shield volcano that last erupted in 2009, is the most active of the many Galapagos volcanoes; other historically active Galapagos volcanoes include Wolf, Sierra Negra, Cerro Azul, Pinta, Marchena, and Santiago, periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms, known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes, volcanism: significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (1,893 m), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the country's capital, which lies just below the volcano's slopes; San Miguel (2,130 m), which last erupted in 2002, is one of the most active volcanoes in the country; other historically active volcanoes include Conchaguita, Ilopango, Izalco, and Santa Ana, volcanism: Santa Isabel (3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel, along with two dormant volcanoes, form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea, frequent droughts, rare earthquakes and volcanoes; locust swarms, volcanism: Dubbi (1,625 m), which last erupted in 1861, was the country's only historically active volcano until Nabro (2,218 m) came to life on 12 June 2011, geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir, flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic Sea region, strong winds and heavy rains can occur throughout the year, cyclonic storms can occur from November to January. 1. This is a Premium document. Lecture 4 (Jan. 17) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Physics of Natural Hazards, Lecture 10 (Feb. 12) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Weather Makers and Climate, Natural hazards lecture notes part 1- week 1-5, Lecture 5 (Jan. 22) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Physics of Natural Hazards, Lecture 7 (Jan. 29) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Physics of Natural Hazards, Lecture 8 (Jan. 31) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Physics of Natural Hazards, Planes flying against jet stream causes different travel times for the same distance Statistics (frequency of past events) A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event will have a negative effect on humans. 10. Areas of India frequently affected by floods Rashtriya Barh Ayog (National Flood Commission) identified 40 million hectares of land as flood- prone in India. By the time solar energy 7. For instance, the Gujarat Earthquake, which occurred on 26th January 2001 is a natural disaster. Natural Hazards (and the resulting disasters) are the result of naturally occurring processes that have operated throughout Earth's history. 2. speeds and high speeds, but less at the average wind speeds, Risk Assessment Temperature decreases with height (up to 9-15 km above ground: the troposphere). apparent deflection from its path, as seen by an observer on the earth. Economic & Cultural Factors Affecting Hazard Perception Study Notes. Construction of flood protection embankments in the flood-prone areas, 2. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less Become Premium to read the whole document. Precipitation 2. Warm surface expands area of atmosphere; cold area contracts de / dt = 0 Ocean: Loss of water in vapour form, and water is returned in liquid form: net imbalance FOREST FIRES 5. List Of Natural Hazards Avalanche Earthquake Coastal erosion Lahar Landslide Sinkhole Volcanic eruption Blizzard Drought Hailstorm Heat wave Cyclonic storm Ice storm Tornado Climate change Geomagnetic storm Flood Tephra (ash, cinders, lapilli) Gases Lava flows Mudflows Projectiles and lateral blasts Pyroclastic flows Wildfire Disease Fault ruptures Protection, Take fluids To download Natural Resources class 9 Notes Science, sample paper for class 9 Mathematics, Social Science, Science, English ; do . Flood The overflow of the dry land when mixed with water from the river or streams is called flood. The other theory lessons can be found below: Covering KS3, GCSE and A-Level, we provide the most comprehensive GCSE and A-Level revision tools to pass your exams. There are three stages involved in disaster mitigation and management: (i) Pre-disaster management involves 1. generating data and information about the disasters, 2. preparing vulnerability zoning maps, 3. spreading awareness among the people about the disasters, 4. disaster planning, 5. preparedness and preventive measures are other steps that need to be taken in the vulnerable areas. 6. RH increases and when it hits 100, clouds start to form N. Coriolis force is an apparent force due to the rotation of the planet. Loss of body heat occurs much faster FLOODS 6. N2, O2 : IR-inert (non-greenhouse gases) CO2, H2O, O3 : IR-active (greenhouse gases), Energy Budget Summary Convection Frequency and Return Period calculations: According to some estimates, nearly 19 per cent of the total geographical area of the country and 12 per cent of its total population suffer due to drought every year. WJEC A Level GeographyPast Papers, AQA GCSE Geography Past Papers Water vapour/ CO2/ Methane/ Nitrous oxides/ Ozone Identification of ground water potential in the form of aquifers, 6. If 2 pressure forces were equal to each other NO NET RESULTANT FORCE somewhat similar to incoming solar energy The centre of the cyclone is mostly a warm and low-pressure, cloudless core known as eye of the storm. Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard; Kingman Reef: wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of less than 2 m makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard; Midway Islands, Johnston, and Palmyra Atolls: NA, seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts, earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts, tropical cyclones (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began on 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis, volcanism: significant volcanic activity with multiple eruptions in recent years; Yasur (361 m), one of the world's most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor's Head, subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts, occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta, several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes, large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones); natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions), volcanism: volcanism is a fundamental driver and consequence of plate tectonics, the physical process reshaping the Earth's lithosphere; the world is home to more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes, with over 500 of these having erupted in historical times; an estimated 500 million people live near these volcanoes; associated dangers include lava flows, lahars (mudflows), pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, ash fall, ballistic projectiles, gas emissions, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis; in the 1990s, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, created a list of 16 Decade Volcanoes worthy of special study because of their great potential for destruction: Avachinsky-Koryaksky (Russia), Colima (Mexico), Etna (Italy), Galeras (Colombia), Mauna Loa (United States), Merapi (Indonesia), Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Rainier (United States), Sakurajima (Japan), Santa Maria (Guatemala), Santorini (Greece), Taal (Philippines), Teide (Spain), Ulawun (Papua New Guinea), Unzen (Japan), Vesuvius (Italy); see second note under "Geography - note", volcanism: limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (244 m), which forms an island in the Red Sea, erupted in 2007 after awakening from dormancy; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century, periodic drought; tropical storms (November to April), recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Chemical energy Though most of the cyclones originate between 10-15 north latitudes during the monsoon season, yet in case of the Bay of Bengal, cyclones mostly develop during the months of October and November. The speed of wave in the ocean depends upon the depth of water. Heat is transferred from inner body to form warm layer of air outside the A natural disaster can be defined as: "A major event brought about by the natural processes of the Earth that causes widespread destruction to the environment and loss of life." A natural hazard often precedes a natural disaster. Empirical approaches sweat); cools down the body temperature Various Programs initiated by UPPCS Notes are as follows:- Heat energy: Shock from meteorites Hydrological Drought: It results when the availability of water in different storages and reservoirs like aquifers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. For countries where volcanic activity is common, a volcanism subfield highlights historically active volcanoes. Hence people avoided intensification of their activities in such areas and that is how disasters were less damaging. MAN MADE 1. mining 2. The four main findings of the report are: (i) a disaster exposes the cumulative . Its vastness in terms of natural attributes combined with its prolonged colonial past, continuing various forms of social discriminations. What is a Disaster? Natural Disasters 13:35 . Isobar - line on which pressure is constant Meteorological hazards. This shortwave CIE iGCSE Geography Past Papers It becomes a calamity when it strikes the areas of high density of population. This negative effect is what we call a natural disaster. The effect of tsunami is more along the coast because the density of population is high. The most common landforms are slopes which are dynamic, evolving systems in which surface material is constantly moving down slope in the process of mass wasting at rates that range from imperceptible, creep to . Geothermal energy is very small in energy as vapour form has higher energy state than liquid state. This may not be representative of the.
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